Do male rabbits calm down after being neutered? - The Environmental Literacy Council (2025)

Yes, unequivocally, male rabbits typically calm down significantly after being neutered. This behavioral shift is one of the primary reasons why neutering (castration) is so highly recommended for pet rabbits. The hormonal changes following the procedure drastically reduce or eliminate many undesirable behaviors associated with an intact (unneutered) male rabbit, leading to a happier, healthier, and more manageable pet. While individual rabbits may respond slightly differently, the general trend is a marked improvement in temperament and a reduction in problematic habits.

Why Neutering Leads to a Calmer Rabbit

The key to understanding the change in behavior lies in the reduction of testosterone. Unneutered male rabbits are driven by strong hormonal urges, particularly the need to find a mate and establish territory. This translates into several behaviors that many owners find challenging:

• Aggression: Intact male rabbits are often more prone to aggression, both towards humans and other animals. They may bite, scratch, or lunge, particularly when feeling threatened or when their territory is perceived as being encroached upon.
• Urine Spraying: Male rabbits frequently spray urine, a behavior known as “marking,” to delineate their territory and signal their availability to females. This urine has a strong, pungent odor.
• Mounting: Driven by their breeding instincts, intact males will frequently mount inanimate objects, other pets, and even human legs.
• Territoriality: Unneutered male rabbits tend to be highly territorial, jealously guarding their space and resources.

Neutering removes the primary source of testosterone, the testicles. As testosterone levels fall, these behaviors significantly diminish. While it’s not an immediate change, over the weeks and months following surgery, most owners see a noticeable difference in their rabbit’s demeanor. The rabbit becomes less reactive, less driven by instinct, and more relaxed.

The Gradual Change After Neutering

It’s essential to understand that the calming effect of neutering isn’t instantaneous. It’s a gradual process. Here’s what you can expect:

• Immediate Post-Surgery: In the first few days following surgery, your rabbit may be sore and possibly quieter than usual due to the after-effects of anesthesia and pain management.
• The First Few Weeks: During the first few weeks, there may be some lingering behaviors, such as minor urine spraying. This is because it can take several weeks for testosterone levels to fully dissipate from the rabbit’s system. Sperm can also be present in the rabbit after castration, so the rabbit cannot be paired with females until the risk of pregnancy is gone.
• Within a Few Months: Typically, within a couple of months, most of the hormonal behaviors will noticeably decrease or disappear completely. The rabbit is more likely to be gentler, friendlier, and less prone to territorial marking or aggression.

It is important to realize that rabbits can still be territorial even after neutering. They are very protective of their space and possessions such as food bowls, toys and litter trays. Any invasion to this territory might be met with aggression.

Benefits Beyond Calmer Behavior

Besides reduced aggression and territorial behavior, neutering also provides several other benefits:

• Improved Litter Box Habits: Neutered rabbits are typically easier to litter train, as the urge to mark territory with urine decreases significantly.
• Enhanced Socialization: Neutered rabbits are more likely to bond with other rabbits, making it easier to introduce a companion and create a happy, social environment for your pet.
• Reduced Health Risks: Neutering eliminates the risk of testicular tumors and other reproductive cancers in male rabbits.
• Increased Friendliness: Many owners report that their neutered rabbits are much more affectionate and enjoy human interaction more readily.

What If My Rabbit Doesn’t Calm Down?

While neutering greatly improves temperament in the majority of rabbits, if your rabbit does not calm down after a few months, or if you are experiencing other behavioral issues, it is best to speak to your veterinary surgeon or an expert rabbit behaviorist. They can help identify the reasons for the behavior, and help you implement solutions for the issue.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. How long does it take for a male rabbit to calm down after neutering?

While the immediate effects can be noticed in a few days (reduced urge to spray), it can take up to 6-8 weeks for the testosterone levels to fully drop, and therefore, for the full behavioral benefits to emerge. Some rabbits might take a little longer than others.

2. At what age should a male rabbit be neutered?

Male rabbits can be neutered as early as 4-6 months of age. Many vets recommend waiting until 6-8 months to allow for proper bone development, but it’s important to discuss the timing with your veterinarian based on your rabbit’s individual needs. They can be neutered as young as 12 weeks of age.

3. Do all male rabbits spray urine?

Spraying is more common in sexually mature males than females. Unneutered males often spray urine to mark their territory and attract mates. It is less common once they are neutered.

4. Is neutering painful for rabbits?

Any surgery will cause some discomfort. However, experienced rabbit vets routinely administer pain medication (analgesics) such as metacam/meloxicam, Banamine, buprenorphine, or tramadol to ensure a comfortable recovery.

5. How much does it cost to neuter a male rabbit?

The cost can vary greatly depending on your location and the vet. On average, you might expect to pay between £80-£250 in the UK.

6. What are some signs that my rabbit needs to be neutered?

Common signs include aggression, urine spraying, and constant mounting. These behaviors are indicative of sexual maturity.

7. Can a rabbit still be aggressive after being neutered?

Yes, some territorial aggression can remain even after neutering, particularly regarding their cage, food, or litter box. This is often less severe and less frequent than aggression associated with hormonal drive.

8. Do male rabbits change after being neutered?

Yes, significantly. They typically become less aggressive, less territorial, less prone to spraying urine, and more affectionate. Neutering often leads to more enjoyable pets.

9. What is the best pair bond for rabbits?

The best pair bond is typically a neutered male and a neutered female. This combination often leads to the most harmonious relationship, as neither rabbit will be driven by hormonal issues.

10. Will my rabbit still have testicles after neutering?

The surgical site might appear as if the testicles are still present immediately after surgery. This is due to post-surgical swelling that will gradually decrease.

11. Do neutered rabbits smell less?

Yes, the urine and fecal pellets of neutered rabbits have less odor than those of intact rabbits.

12. My rabbit is peeing on my bed after being neutered, why?

Rabbits, even after being neutered, are territorial and might mark your bed as their space. Try limiting access to the bed or using a pet-safe cleaner on the area to discourage the behavior.

13. What is a castrated male rabbit called?

A castrated male rabbit is sometimes called a capon, although the term is more commonly used for castrated male chickens. Another term sometimes used is lapin.

14. Are male rabbits more affectionate than females?

While anecdotally, some believe males tend to be more affectionate, temperament varies from rabbit to rabbit. Early handling and positive interactions play a significant role in developing a rabbit’s personality, regardless of gender.

15. How do I prepare my rabbit for neutering?

Find a rabbit-savvy vet, schedule a wellness check, pack a bag for your rabbit (including their usual food and a soft blanket), set up a recovery pen, and make sure you have all essential supplies for their post-op care. Always follow the advice of your veterinary surgeon and their post-op care recommendations.

In conclusion, neutering is a crucial step in ensuring the long-term well-being and happiness of your male rabbit. It not only addresses many undesirable behaviors but also significantly enhances their quality of life, making them better companions. While individual responses might vary slightly, the overall benefits of neutering far outweigh the risks, making it a highly recommended procedure for all male pet rabbits.